Bullfighters

Bullfighters, also known as toreros, are performers in the traditional Spanish spectacle of bullfighting. This cultural event, which has historical roots dating back to ancient times, involves a series of physical and artistic maneuvers performed during a bullfight, or "corrida de toros." Bullfighters are central to this event, showcasing their skills, bravery, and artistry in the arena.

History

The origins of bullfighting can be traced back to ancient civilizations, including the Romans and the Minoans, who engaged in various forms of bull-related sports and rituals. However, the modern form of bullfighting as we know it today developed in Spain during the 18th century. The role of the bullfighter evolved from mounted noblemen to the more familiar image of the matador on foot.

Types of Bullfighters

There are several types of bullfighters, each with a specific role in the bullfighting event:

• Matador: The principal performer who is responsible for the final kill of the bull. The matador is the most celebrated figure in the bullfighting world.
• Picador: A horse-mounted bullfighter who uses a lance to weaken the bull's neck muscles, making it easier for the matador to perform.
• Banderillero: A bullfighter who plants banderillas (barbed sticks) into the bull's shoulders to further weaken it and prepare it for the matador.

The Bullfighting Event

A traditional bullfight consists of three stages, known as "tercios":

1. Tercio de Varas: The bull is tested for ferocity and strength by the picadors. 2. Tercio de Banderillas: The banderilleros place banderillas in the bull's shoulders. 3. Tercio de Muerte: The matador performs a series of passes with a cape and ultimately kills the bull with a sword.

Techniques and Styles

Bullfighters employ various techniques and styles to demonstrate their skill and artistry. Some of the most famous passes include:

• Verónica: A classic pass where the matador swings the cape slowly while standing still.
• Natural: A pass performed with the smaller red cape, or "muleta," using the left hand.
• Derechazo: A pass performed with the muleta using the right hand.

Controversy and Criticism

Bullfighting is a subject of significant controversy and debate. Critics argue that it is a cruel and inhumane practice that causes unnecessary suffering to animals. Proponents, however, view it as an important cultural tradition and an art form that should be preserved. The practice has been banned in some regions, while it remains popular in others.

Cultural Significance

Bullfighting is deeply embedded in the cultural fabric of countries like Spain, Portugal, and some Latin American nations. It is celebrated in literature, art, and music, and has inspired numerous works by famous artists such as Pablo Picasso and Ernest Hemingway.

Notable Bullfighters

Throughout history, several bullfighters have achieved fame and recognition for their exceptional skills and contributions to the art of bullfighting. Some of the most notable include:

• Juan Belmonte
• Manolete
• El Juli

See Also

• Corrida de toros
• Spanish culture
• Animal rights

References

• Hemingway, Ernest. Death in the Afternoon. New York: Scribner, 1932.
• Mitchell, Timothy. Blood Sport: A Social History of Spanish Bullfighting. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991.

External Links

• Museo del Toreo
• Bullfighting.com