Burkholderia cenocepacia

Burkholderia cenocepacia

Burkholderia cenocepacia under a microscope.

Burkholderia cenocepacia is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium that is part of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC), a group of genetically distinct but phenotypically similar bacteria. This organism is known for its role in causing infections in patients with cystic fibrosis and other immunocompromised individuals.

Characteristics

Burkholderia cenocepacia is a rod-shaped bacterium that is motile due to the presence of flagella. It is an obligate aerobe, meaning it requires oxygen for growth. The bacterium is known for its ability to survive in various environments, including soil and water, and can form biofilms, which contribute to its persistence in clinical settings.

Pathogenicity

Colonies of Burkholderia cenocepacia on an agar plate.

Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen, primarily affecting individuals with cystic fibrosis. It can cause severe respiratory infections and is associated with a decline in lung function. The bacterium is also known for its resistance to many common antibiotics, making infections difficult to treat.

The pathogenicity of Burkholderia cenocepacia is attributed to several virulence factors, including the ability to form biofilms, produce exopolysaccharides, and secrete enzymes that degrade host tissues. These factors enable the bacterium to evade the host immune response and persist in the lungs of infected individuals.

Epidemiology

Burkholderia cenocepacia is found worldwide and is commonly isolated from soil and water. In healthcare settings, it can be transmitted from person to person, particularly among patients with cystic fibrosis. Infection control measures are crucial to prevent the spread of this bacterium in hospitals and clinics.

Treatment

Treating infections caused by Burkholderia cenocepacia is challenging due to its intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics, tailored to the susceptibility profile of the specific strain. Research is ongoing to develop new therapeutic strategies to combat infections caused by this organism.

Related pages

• Burkholderia cepacia complex
• Cystic fibrosis
• Antibiotic resistance