CD147

CD147 (Cluster of Differentiation 147), also known as EMMPRIN (Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer) or Basigin (BSG), is a transmembrane protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is widely expressed in various cell types including tumor cells, blood cells, and endothelial cells. CD147 plays a crucial role in many physiological and pathological processes, including spermatogenesis, embryo implantation, tumor invasion, and metastasis.

Function

CD147 has a diverse range of functions in the body. It is involved in the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are enzymes responsible for the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This regulation is crucial for processes such as cell migration, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. In addition to its role in MMP regulation, CD147 is also involved in sperm-egg fusion during fertilization, energy metabolism by facilitating the transport of monocarboxylates across cell membranes, and immune response modulation.

Clinical Significance

The expression of CD147 is significantly upregulated in various cancers, making it a potential target for cancer therapy. Its role in inducing MMPs contributes to tumor progression by promoting invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, CD147 is involved in the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.

In addition to cancer, CD147 has been implicated in other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, where it is involved in the inflammation process, and cardiovascular diseases, through its role in angiogenesis and atherosclerosis.

Research and Therapeutic Approaches

Given its involvement in several critical biological processes and diseases, CD147 is a target for therapeutic intervention. Research is ongoing to develop antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and vaccines targeting CD147 for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. One example is the development of anti-CD147 monoclonal antibodies, which have shown promise in reducing tumor growth and metastasis in preclinical models.

See Also

• Immunoglobulin superfamily
• Matrix metalloproteinase
• Extracellular matrix
• Cancer therapy