CXCL1

CXCL1 is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as Growth-regulated alpha protein (GRO-alpha). It is secreted by human melanocytes in response to ultraviolet light, and has been implicated in several diseases, including melanoma and non-small-cell lung carcinoma.

Structure

CXCL1 is a member of the CXC chemokine family, and is a small cytokine. It is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 73 amino acids. The protein is secreted as a monomer, but can form homodimers in solution.

Function

CXCL1 is secreted by human melanocytes in response to ultraviolet light. It is a chemoattractant for neutrophils, and can also act as an angiogenic factor. The protein is expressed by macrophages, neutrophils and epithelial cells, and has effects on cells through binding to the receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2.

Clinical significance

CXCL1 has been implicated in several diseases. It is overexpressed in melanoma and non-small-cell lung carcinoma, and is associated with poor prognosis in these diseases. The protein has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis.

See also

• CXC chemokine
• Cytokine
• Melanoma
• Non-small-cell lung carcinoma