CXCR1

CXCR1 is a human gene that encodes for the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1. This receptor is a part of the G protein-coupled receptor family, which are integral membrane proteins that respond to various stimuli outside the cell. They are involved in various biological processes, including immune responses, inflammation, and the sense of smell.

Function[edit | edit source]

The CXCR1 receptor is primarily expressed on neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, and is involved in their chemotaxis, or movement in response to chemical signals. The receptor binds to Interleukin 8 (IL-8), a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells. IL-8 is a potent promoter of neutrophil chemotaxis and degranulation, thus playing a key role in the immune response to microbial infections.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Alterations in the CXCR1 gene or its function have been associated with various diseases. For example, reduced expression of CXCR1 has been observed in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting a potential role in the pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative disorder. In addition, CXCR1 has been implicated in the progression of several types of cancer, including breast cancer and melanoma, where it may promote tumor growth and metastasis.

Research[edit | edit source]

Research into CXCR1 and its ligand IL-8 has led to the development of several therapeutic strategies aimed at blocking their interaction. These include small molecule inhibitors, antibodies, and other biologics. These therapies are currently being evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials for their potential to treat various inflammatory diseases and cancers.

File:CXCR1.png

Structure of the CXCR1 receptor.