Calcium benzoate

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Calcium benzoate

Calcium benzoate refers to the calcium salt of benzoic acid and is represented by the chemical formula C₁₄H₁₀CaO₄. It is used primarily as a food preservative under the E number E213. Calcium benzoate is effective in inhibiting the growth of fungi, bacteria, and yeast, making it a common additive in food products that require a long shelf life.

Properties

Calcium benzoate is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water. The solubility of calcium benzoate in water makes it an ideal preservative for aqueous solutions, where it acts by disrupting the microbial cell's energy production. Its efficacy as a preservative is pH-dependent, with optimal activity in acidic conditions (pH 2.5-4.0).

Applications

The primary application of calcium benzoate is in the food industry, where it serves as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by preventing the growth of microorganisms. It is commonly found in products such as jams, soft drinks, pickles, and various other acidic foods. Besides its use in food, calcium benzoate is also utilized in certain cosmetic and pharmaceutical products for its antimicrobial properties.

Safety and Regulatory Status

The safety of calcium benzoate has been evaluated by various international regulatory bodies. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States recognizes calcium benzoate as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. Similarly, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has assessed calcium benzoate and permits its use as a food additive within specified limits.

Despite its widespread use and regulatory approval, there has been some concern regarding the potential health effects of benzoates, including calcium benzoate. These concerns primarily relate to the formation of benzene, a known carcinogen, when benzoate salts are used in the presence of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) under certain conditions. Regulatory agencies continue to monitor the safety of calcium benzoate and other benzoate salts to ensure they remain safe for consumption.

Environmental Impact

Calcium benzoate is considered to have a low environmental impact. Being readily biodegradable, it does not accumulate in the environment or pose significant risks to aquatic or terrestrial life. However, as with all chemical compounds, responsible disposal and management practices should be followed to minimize any potential environmental effects.

Conclusion

Calcium benzoate is a widely used food preservative that extends the shelf life of many products by preventing microbial growth. Its safety has been affirmed by regulatory agencies, although ongoing research and monitoring are essential to ensure its continued safe use in food and other products.