Calf muscles

Calf Muscles

The calf muscles are a group of muscles located at the back of the lower leg. They consist of two major muscles: the gastrocnemius and the soleus. These muscles are responsible for the movement of the foot, specifically plantar flexion, and play a crucial role in walking, running, and jumping.

Anatomy

The gastrocnemius is the larger, more superficial muscle that forms the bulk of the calf. It has two heads originating from the femur, and it inserts into the Achilles tendon, which attaches to the heel bone. The soleus, located underneath the gastrocnemius, originates from the tibia and fibula and also inserts into the Achilles tendon.

Function

The primary function of the calf muscles is plantar flexion, the movement that points the foot downward. This action is essential for pushing off the ground during walking and running. The calf muscles also assist in flexing the knee and stabilizing the ankle.

Clinical significance

Injury to the calf muscles, such as a strain or tear, can cause significant pain and disability. Conditions such as calf muscle myopathy and compartment syndrome can also affect the calf muscles. Treatment for these conditions may include physical therapy, medication, or in severe cases, surgery.

See also

• Muscular system
• Lower extremity
• Anatomy of the human body

External links

• MedlinePlus: Calf muscle strain