Capsule (pharmacy)

Capsule (pharmacy)

A capsule is a type of dosage form used in pharmacy to deliver medications to patients. Capsules are small, cylindrical containers made from gelatin, hypromellose, or other plant-based substances that are designed to be swallowed whole by the patient. They are used to contain any type of medication, both solid and liquid.

History

The use of capsules can be traced back to the 19th century. The first patent for a medicinal capsule was granted to James Murdock in 1847. The development of the modern capsule can be attributed to the efforts of the Eli Lilly and Company, which began manufacturing capsules in 1876.

Types of Capsules

There are two main types of capsules used in pharmacy: hard-shelled capsules and soft-shelled capsules.

Hard-shelled Capsules

Hard-shelled capsules, also known as dry-filled capsules, are made of two parts: a larger body and a smaller cap. The body is filled with the drug and excipients, and then the cap is placed over the body to seal the capsule. Hard-shelled capsules are typically used to contain dry, powdered ingredients.

Soft-shelled Capsules

Soft-shelled capsules, also known as liquid-filled capsules, are a single piece of gelatinous material filled with a liquid or semi-solid mixture. These capsules are used for oils and for active ingredients that are dissolved or suspended in oil.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Capsules offer several advantages over other dosage forms. They can mask the unpleasant taste and odor of a drug, they are easy to swallow, and they can deliver a dose of medication that is very precise. However, capsules are more expensive to manufacture than tablets, and they can be difficult for some patients to swallow.

See Also

• Tablet (pharmacy)
• Pill (pharmacy)
• Drug delivery