Carbamide peroxide

Carbamide peroxide, also known as urea hydrogen peroxide and urea peroxide, is a chemical compound composed of urea and hydrogen peroxide. Its chemical formula is CH₆N₂O₃, and it is a white, crystalline solid at room temperature. Carbamide peroxide is widely used in various applications, including medicine, dentistry, and cosmetics, primarily for its properties as a bleaching agent and antiseptic.

Uses

Medicine and Dentistry

In the medical and dental fields, carbamide peroxide is commonly used for its antiseptic and disinfectant properties. It is an active ingredient in some earwax removal solutions, where it helps to soften, loosen, and remove excessive earwax. In dentistry, carbamide peroxide is a popular choice for teeth whitening products. It works by releasing hydrogen peroxide when in contact with moisture, which then helps to bleach the teeth, removing stains and discoloration.

Cosmetics

Beyond its medical and dental applications, carbamide peroxide is also found in various cosmetic products. Its bleaching properties are utilized in skin lightening creams and hair bleaching products, where it helps to lighten the color of hair or skin by reducing the concentration of melanin.

Safety and Side Effects

While carbamide peroxide is generally considered safe for use in consumer products, it can cause side effects in some individuals. Common side effects include irritation of the skin, gums, or eyes, and in the case of dental use, tooth sensitivity. It is important to follow product instructions carefully and to use carbamide peroxide products as directed to minimize the risk of side effects.

Regulation

The concentration of carbamide peroxide in consumer products is regulated by health authorities in many countries. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the concentration of carbamide peroxide in over-the-counter teeth whitening products, typically capping it at 10% for consumer safety.

Chemical Properties

Carbamide peroxide decomposes into urea and hydrogen peroxide when dissolved in water. This reaction is what makes it an effective bleaching agent and antiseptic. The compound is relatively stable under normal storage conditions but should be kept away from direct light and heat to prevent premature decomposition.

Environmental Impact

The environmental impact of carbamide peroxide is considered to be low. As it decomposes, it breaks down into urea and hydrogen peroxide, both of which are substances that can be found in nature. However, as with all chemicals, it is important to handle and dispose of carbamide peroxide responsibly to minimize any potential environmental harm.