Lepidopterism

Lepidopterism is a medical condition caused by contact with the caterpillars, moths, or butterflies of the order Lepidoptera. This condition can result in a range of symptoms, from mild skin irritation to severe allergic reactions.

Causes

Lepidopterism is primarily caused by the urticating hairs or spines of certain caterpillars and adult moths. These hairs can release toxins that cause skin irritation, rashes, and other allergic reactions. Some species known to cause lepidopterism include the Puss Moth (Megalopyge opercularis), the Io Moth (Automeris io), and the Hickory Tussock Moth (Lophocampa caryae).

Symptoms

The symptoms of lepidopterism can vary depending on the species involved and the sensitivity of the individual. Common symptoms include:

• Dermatitis: Red, itchy rash that can develop into blisters.
• Urticaria: Raised, red welts on the skin.
• Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the eye if the hairs come into contact with the eyes.
• Respiratory distress: Inhalation of the hairs can cause coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.
• Anaphylaxis: In rare cases, a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of lepidopterism is typically based on the patient's history of exposure to caterpillars or moths and the presence of characteristic symptoms. A physical examination and, in some cases, skin tests may be conducted to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for lepidopterism focuses on relieving symptoms and may include:

• Antihistamines: To reduce itching and swelling.
• Corticosteroids: Topical or oral steroids to reduce inflammation.
• Analgesics: Pain relievers to manage discomfort.
• Cold compresses: To soothe irritated skin.
• Epinephrine: In cases of severe allergic reactions, an epinephrine injection may be necessary.

Prevention

Preventing lepidopterism involves avoiding contact with caterpillars and moths known to cause the condition. Wearing protective clothing and using insect repellents can help reduce the risk of exposure. Educating individuals about the potential hazards of handling these insects is also important.

Related Pages

• Dermatitis
• Urticaria
• Anaphylaxis
• Caterpillar
• Moth
• Butterfly

See Also

• Insect bite
• Allergic reaction
• Toxin