Cathartic

Cathartic refers to substances or activities that accelerate defecation. Cathartics are used in medicine to treat constipation and to clear the bowels before medical procedures such as a colonoscopy. They are also known as purgatives or laxatives.

Types of Cathartics

Cathartics can be classified into several types based on their mechanism of action:

• Stimulant Cathartics: These substances stimulate the lining of the intestine, causing increased bowel movements. Examples include bisacodyl and senna.
• Osmotic Cathartics: These draw water into the bowel from surrounding body tissues, softening the stool and making it easier to pass. Examples include magnesium citrate and polyethylene glycol.
• Bulk-forming Cathartics: These increase the bulk of the stool, which helps to stimulate bowel movements. Examples include psyllium and methylcellulose.
• Lubricant Cathartics: These coat the stool and the bowel lining, making it easier for stools to pass. An example is mineral oil.
• Saline Cathartics: These contain ions that draw water into the intestines. Examples include sodium phosphate and magnesium sulfate.

Uses

Cathartics are primarily used to treat constipation, a common condition characterized by infrequent or difficult bowel movements. They are also used to prepare patients for diagnostic procedures such as a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. In some cases, cathartics may be used to remove ingested toxins from the gastrointestinal tract.

Side Effects

While cathartics can be effective in relieving constipation, they can also cause side effects, especially if used excessively. Common side effects include:

• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Dehydration

Precautions

It is important to use cathartics as directed by a healthcare provider. Overuse or misuse can lead to dependency, where the bowel becomes reliant on the medication to function properly. Patients with certain medical conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease or intestinal obstruction, should avoid using cathartics unless advised by a healthcare professional.

Related Pages

• Constipation
• Laxative
• Colonoscopy
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Diarrhea