Cellular biology

Cellular Biology is a branch of biology that studies the structure and function of the cell, which is the basic unit of life. Cellular biology is concerned with the physiological properties, metabolic processes, signaling pathways, life cycle, chemical composition and interactions of the cell with their environment. This is done both on a microscopic and molecular level as it encompasses prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Knowing the components of cells and how cells work is fundamental to all biological sciences; it is also essential for research in bio-medical fields such as cancer, and other diseases. Research in cellular biology is closely related to genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, and developmental biology.

History

The concept of the cell as the basic unit of life was first proposed in 1839 by Schleiden & Schwann. This theory set the stage for the study of cellular biology as a separate discipline. However, the theory was not widely accepted until the 20th century with the advancement of microscopic technologies.

Cell Structure

Cells are the smallest organized units of life and contain many biomolecules that cooperate to perform all the necessary processes. Cells can be divided into two types: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria and archaea, do not have a true nucleus and are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists, have a true nucleus where genetic material is stored.

Cell Function

Cells perform a variety of functions necessary for the survival and reproduction of living organisms. They are responsible for energy conversion, protein synthesis, cell division, and signal transduction. Cells also communicate with each other and respond to their environment.

Cellular Processes

Several key processes take place in the cell, including protein synthesis, cell division, cell growth, and cell death. These processes are regulated by the cell's genetic material and can be influenced by external factors.

Cellular Research

Research in cellular biology is vital for understanding diseases and developing treatments. It involves studying the cells' physiological properties, structures, organelles, interactions, life cycle, division and death.

See Also

• Molecular biology
• Genetics
• Biochemistry
• Immunology
• Developmental biology