Cervical polyps

Cervical Polyps are small, elongated tumors that grow on the cervix, the narrow canal at the lower end of the uterus that opens into the vagina. These growths are usually benign (non-cancerous) and can vary in size. They are a common condition and can affect women of any age but are more prevalent in women over the age of 20 who have had children.

Causes

The exact cause of cervical polyps is not fully understood, but they are associated with inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis), abnormal response to increased levels of the female hormone estrogen, and clogged blood vessels in the cervix.

Symptoms

Many women with cervical polyps do not experience symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include:

• Vaginal discharge that may be foul-smelling if an infection is present
• Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding after sexual intercourse, between menstrual periods, or after menopause
• Spotting

Diagnosis

Cervical polyps are often found during routine Pap smear tests or pelvic exams. If a polyp is identified, further tests may be conducted to rule out malignancy, especially in postmenopausal women. These tests can include a biopsy of the polyp.

Treatment

Treatment for cervical polyps typically involves their removal, a procedure that can often be done in a doctor's office with minimal discomfort. Removal is usually recommended even for asymptomatic polyps to eliminate the potential for bleeding and to test the polyp for cancer. The procedure to remove a polyp is called polypectomy.

Prognosis

The prognosis for cervical polyps is generally excellent. They are usually benign and rarely become cancerous. After removal, polyps may recur, but this is not common.

Prevention

There is no known way to prevent cervical polyps. Regular pelvic exams and Pap smears are important for early detection and management of this condition.