Cesarean section

Cesarean section (also spelled caesarean section, C-section, or caesarean delivery) is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions in the mother's abdomen and uterus. It is often performed when a vaginal delivery would put the baby or mother at risk. This may include obstructed labor, twin pregnancy, high blood pressure in the mother, breech birth, or problems with the placenta or umbilical cord.

History

The term "cesarean" comes from the Latin "caesus" (meaning "cut"). The procedure is believed to be named after Julius Caesar, though there is no historical evidence that he was born by C-section. The procedure was historically performed to save the child of a deceased or dying mother; the first recorded incidence of a mother and baby surviving the operation was in the 16th century.

Procedure

A cesarean section includes several steps. The patient is first given anesthesia, which could be either regional anesthesia (such as spinal or epidural anesthesia) or general anesthesia. A horizontal cut is then made in the lower abdomen, followed by a second cut in the uterus. The baby is then delivered through these incisions. The placenta is removed, and the incisions are closed with stitches.

Risks and complications

While a cesarean section can save the life of the mother or baby, it is not without risks. These may include infection, blood loss, blood clots, injury to other organs, or complications from anesthesia. The recovery period after a C-section is also typically longer than after a vaginal birth.

Prevalence

Cesarean sections are becoming more common worldwide. In some countries, the rate of cesarean delivery is over 40%, far higher than the "ideal rate" of 10-15% suggested by the World Health Organization.

See also

• Childbirth
• Obstetrics
• Vaginal delivery