Chemokine receptor 2

Chemokine Receptor 2 (CCR2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCR2 gene. It is part of the chemokine receptor family, which plays a key role in the immune system by directing the migration of immune cells to sites of inflammation or injury. CCR2 is specifically known for its role in the chemotaxis of monocytes, a type of white blood cell, and has been implicated in various diseases including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.

Function

CCR2 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that binds to chemokines, specifically the monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCPs) such as MCP-1 (also known as CCL2). This binding induces a signaling cascade that results in the migration of monocytes from the bloodstream into tissues. The receptor is thus crucial for the recruitment of immune cells to sites of tissue damage or infection.

Genetics

The CCR2 gene is located on chromosome 3 in humans. There are several polymorphisms within the CCR2 gene that have been studied for their association with susceptibility to various diseases. One well-studied variant is the CCR2-V64I polymorphism, which has been linked to altered susceptibility to HIV infection and progression to AIDS.

Pathology

Due to its role in immune cell recruitment, CCR2 has been implicated in a wide range of inflammatory conditions. In atherosclerosis, CCR2-mediated recruitment of monocytes to the arterial wall contributes to plaque formation. In neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, CCR2's role in microglial activation and migration is of interest due to its potential contribution to disease pathology. Furthermore, CCR2 is involved in the tumor microenvironment, influencing the infiltration of immune cells and potentially affecting tumor progression and metastasis.

Therapeutic Target

Given its involvement in various diseases, CCR2 has been explored as a therapeutic target. Inhibitors of CCR2 have been developed and are being tested in clinical trials for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and certain types of cancer. These inhibitors aim to reduce disease progression by limiting the recruitment of monocytes and other immune cells to sites of inflammation or tumor growth.

See Also

• Chemokine receptor
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Immune system
• Inflammation