Choreia

Choreia

Choreia, also known as chorea, is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, irregular, and unpredictable movements. These movements are often described as dance-like, which is reflected in the name "chorea," derived from the Greek word "choreia," meaning "dance." Choreia can affect various parts of the body, including the face, arms, legs, and trunk, and can interfere with voluntary movements, leading to difficulties in performing daily activities.

Causes

Choreia can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:

• Huntington's disease: A genetic disorder that leads to progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain.
• Sydenham's chorea: Often associated with rheumatic fever, this condition is more common in children and adolescents.
• Wilson's disease: A rare genetic disorder that causes excessive copper accumulation in the body, affecting the liver and brain.
• Lupus: An autoimmune disease that can affect the nervous system, leading to choreic movements.
• Stroke: Damage to certain areas of the brain can result in chorea.
• Medications: Certain drugs, such as antipsychotics and anti-seizure medications, can induce chorea as a side effect.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of choreia is the presence of involuntary, rapid, and irregular movements. These movements can vary in severity and may affect:

• The face, leading to grimacing or twitching.
• The hands and feet, causing fidgeting or restlessness.
• The trunk, resulting in swaying or twisting motions.

Patients may also experience difficulties with balance and coordination, speech problems, and emotional disturbances.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing choreia involves a thorough clinical evaluation, including:

• Medical history and physical examination.
• Neurological examination to assess movement disorders.
• Genetic testing, particularly if Huntington's disease is suspected.
• Blood tests to check for metabolic or autoimmune causes.
• Imaging studies, such as MRI or CT scans, to identify structural brain abnormalities.

Treatment

Treatment of choreia depends on the underlying cause. Options may include:

• Medications: Dopamine-depleting agents, antipsychotics, or anticonvulsants may be used to control symptoms.
• Physical therapy: To improve coordination and balance.
• Occupational therapy: To assist with daily activities and improve quality of life.
• Surgery: In rare cases, deep brain stimulation may be considered for severe, treatment-resistant chorea.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with choreia varies depending on the underlying cause. Some forms, such as Sydenham's chorea, may resolve spontaneously, while others, like Huntington's disease, are progressive and require long-term management.

Also see

• Dystonia
• Ataxia
• Parkinson's disease
• Tardive dyskinesia

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External links

• Comprehensive information from the National Institute of health.
  

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