Chromosome 22

Chromosome 22 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 22 is the second smallest human chromosome, spanning more than 51 million base pairs and representing between 1.5 and 2% of the total DNA in cells.

Structure

Chromosome 22 contains about 500 to 600 genes. The chromosome is made up of about 51 million base pairs, the building blocks of DNA. The sequence of these base pairs determines the structure and function of the genes on the chromosome.

Function

The genes on chromosome 22 are involved in a variety of functions in the body. They provide instructions for making proteins that perform a wide range of roles, including the growth and development of the body's tissues and organs, the production of energy, and the regulation of the body's processes.

Disorders

Several disorders are associated with mutations or changes in the genes on chromosome 22. These include DiGeorge syndrome, Phelan-McDermid syndrome, and cat eye syndrome. These disorders can cause a variety of symptoms, including developmental delay, intellectual disability, and physical abnormalities.

Research

Research is ongoing to identify additional genes on chromosome 22 and to learn more about the functions of the genes that have been identified. This research will help to improve our understanding of the role of chromosome 22 in health and disease.

See also

• Human genome
• Genetic disorder
• Gene therapy

References

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