Chromosomal inversion

Chromosomal inversion is a type of chromosomal abnormality in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end. This occurs when a single chromosome undergoes breakage and rearrangement within itself. Inversions are of two types: pericentric and paracentric.

Pericentric inversion

A pericentric inversion involves the centromere of the chromosome. In this type of inversion, the inverted segment includes the centromere and hence both arms of the chromosome. This can lead to an unbalanced genetic rearrangement during meiosis, which can result in offspring with genetic disorders.

Paracentric inversion

A paracentric inversion does not involve the centromere. The inverted segment occurs in one arm of the chromosome only. This type of inversion can also lead to unbalanced genetic rearrangement during meiosis, potentially resulting in genetic disorders in offspring.

Effects of chromosomal inversion

The effects of chromosomal inversion can vary greatly. In some cases, the inversion does not disrupt the genetic information and the individual exhibits no physical or health effects. However, if the inversion disrupts vital genes, it can result in significant health and developmental problems.

Inversion and evolution

Chromosomal inversion has been implicated in the process of evolution. It can lead to the formation of new species through a process known as speciation. This is because inversions can suppress genetic recombination, allowing different genetic variants to evolve independently.

See also

• Chromosome
• Genetic recombination
• Speciation