Spasmodic dysphonia

Spasmodic dysphonia (SD), also known as laryngeal dystonia, is a neurological disorder affecting the voice box or larynx. This condition is characterized by involuntary movements or spasms of the muscles in the larynx during speech.

Overview

Spasmodic dysphonia is a type of dystonia, a group of neurological disorders that cause muscle spasms and contractions. In spasmodic dysphonia, the spasms affect the muscles that control the vocal cords, causing the voice to break or have a tight, strained, or strangled quality.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of spasmodic dysphonia is voice changes. These changes can include a shaky, hoarse, or groaning voice, and difficulty with speech. The severity of the symptoms can vary from person to person and can be influenced by factors such as stress or fatigue.

Causes

The exact cause of spasmodic dysphonia is unknown. However, it is believed to be related to abnormal functioning of the basal ganglia, a part of the brain that controls movement. Some researchers believe that spasmodic dysphonia may be linked to genetic factors, as some people with the condition have relatives with similar voice problems or other types of dystonia.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of spasmodic dysphonia is typically based on a person's medical history and a physical examination, including a detailed examination of the voice and larynx. Other tests, such as electromyography (EMG), may be used to measure the electrical activity of the muscles in the larynx.

Treatment

While there is no cure for spasmodic dysphonia, treatments are available to help manage the symptoms. These can include voice therapy, medications, and in some cases, surgery. One of the most effective treatments is injections of botulinum toxin (Botox) into the affected muscles of the larynx.

See also

• Dystonia
• Neurological disorder
• Voice therapy