Vocal fold paralysis

Vocal fold paralysis is a voice disorder that occurs when one or both of the vocal folds do not open or close properly. It is a type of dysphonia, which is a general term for voice disorders. Vocal fold paralysis can result from various causes, including injury to the larynx, certain surgeries, stroke, or neurological conditions.

Causes

Vocal fold paralysis can occur due to damage to the nerves that control the vocal folds. This can happen as a result of surgery, particularly surgeries involving the thyroid gland, lung, or heart. Other causes can include neurological disorders, stroke, tumors, or infections that affect the larynx.

Symptoms

The symptoms of vocal fold paralysis can vary depending on whether one or both vocal folds are affected. Common symptoms can include a weak, breathy voice, difficulty swallowing, coughing, or choking when eating or drinking. In some cases, the voice may sound hoarse or strained.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of vocal fold paralysis typically involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. The doctor may also use a laryngoscopy to view the vocal folds and determine if they are moving properly. Other tests, such as electromyography (EMG), may be used to measure the electrical activity in the muscles of the larynx.

Treatment

Treatment for vocal fold paralysis depends on the cause and severity of the condition. In some cases, voice therapy may be recommended to help improve voice quality and prevent further damage to the vocal folds. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to reposition the paralyzed vocal fold. This can help to improve voice quality and prevent complications such as aspiration pneumonia.

See also

• Dysphonia
• Laryngoscopy
• Electromyography

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