Laryngitis

Laryngitis is an inflammation of the voice box, or larynx, usually caused by a viral infection. It is characterized by a hoarse voice, sore throat, and difficulty speaking. Laryngitis can be acute, lasting only a few days to two weeks, or chronic, persisting for more than three weeks.

Signs and symptoms

The primary symptom of laryngitis is a hoarse or weak voice. Other symptoms may include:

• Sore throat
• Difficulty speaking or swallowing
• Dry cough
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
• Fever (in some cases)

Causes

Laryngitis is most commonly caused by a viral infection, such as the common cold or flu. Other potential causes include:

• Bacterial infection (less common)
• Overuse of the voice (e.g., shouting, singing, or talking for extended periods)
• Exposure to irritants, such as smoke or allergens
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), in which stomach acid backs up into the throat

Risk factors

Factors that may increase the risk of developing laryngitis include:

• Exposure to respiratory infections
• Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke
• Frequent use of the voice, such as in singing or public speaking
• Exposure to environmental irritants, such as air pollution or allergens

Diagnosis

Laryngitis is usually diagnosed through a clinical examination, during which a healthcare provider will assess the individual's symptoms and medical history. In some cases, a laryngoscopy may be performed to visually inspect the larynx for signs of inflammation or other abnormalities. Additional tests, such as a voice assessment or throat culture, may be used to help determine the cause of the laryngitis.

Treatment

Treatment for laryngitis typically focuses on relieving symptoms and addressing the underlying cause. Some common treatment approaches include:

• Voice rest: Refraining from speaking or limiting voice use to prevent further strain on the vocal cords
• Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids to help soothe the throat and reduce inflammation
• Over-the-counter pain relievers: Using medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to alleviate pain and discomfort
• Avoiding irritants: Staying away from smoke, allergens, and other substances that may irritate the throat
• Antibiotics: If the cause of laryngitis is determined to be bacterial, a healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection.

In some cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and swelling, particularly if the individual's voice is needed for professional purposes or if the laryngitis is severe.

Prevention

To reduce the risk of developing laryngitis or prevent it from recurring, the following strategies can be helpful:

• Practicing good hand hygiene to avoid the spread of infections
• Avoiding close contact with individuals who have respiratory infections
• Quitting smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke
• Using a humidifier to maintain moisture in the air, particularly during dry or cold seasons
• Avoiding exposure to environmental irritants
• Managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with medications and lifestyle changes, if applicable
• Practicing proper vocal hygiene, such as avoiding excessive voice use, taking regular breaks during extended periods of speaking or singing, and staying well-hydrated

Complications

Untreated or chronic laryngitis can lead to complications, including:

Chronic laryngitis: Persistent inflammation of the larynx may require further evaluation and treatment by a specialist Voice strain: Prolonged hoarseness or voice changes can lead to strain on the vocal cords, potentially causing damage Laryngeal infection: In rare cases, a severe or untreated infection may spread to other parts of the larynx or surrounding tissues

See also

• Pharyngitis
• Tonsillitis
• Epiglottitis

Summary

Laryngitis is inflammation of the voice box, usually caused by a viral infection; characterized by a hoarse voice.

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