Hoarse voice

Hoarseness (Dysphonia)

Anatomical illustration of the human larynx, related to hoarseness.

Overview

Hoarseness, medically termed as dysphonia, is a common voice disorder where the voice sounds breathy, raspy, strained, or exhibits changes in volume or pitch. It can be accompanied by a scratchy feeling in the throat.

Causes

Hoarseness is primarily a symptom of issues affecting the vocal folds in the larynx (voice box).

Common Causes

• Laryngitis: Often resulting from an upper respiratory infection, cold, or allergies.
• Vocal Strain: Caused by excessive yelling, prolonged talking, singing loudly, or speaking in an unnatural pitch.
• Environmental Factors: Exposure to irritants like smoke or dust.

Close-up of vocal folds, integral to voice production.

Symptoms and Associated Conditions

• Changes in Voice: The voice may sound breathy, raspy, weaker in volume, or different in pitch.
• Throat Discomfort: A feeling of scratchiness or unease in the throat.
• Persistent Cough: Sometimes accompanying the hoarseness.

Related Conditions

• Laryngitis
• Vocal Fold Nodules and Polyps
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Diagnosis and Evaluation

Diagnosis often involves a physical examination of the throat, voice analysis, and sometimes laryngoscopy to view the vocal cords.

Treatment and Management

The primary treatment for hoarseness is resting the voice. Other treatments depend on the underlying cause and may include:

• Voice Therapy: Especially if caused by vocal strain.
• Medication: For infections or allergies.
• Lifestyle Changes: Avoiding irritants, smoking cessation, and managing GERD.

Prevention

Preventive measures include proper voice technique, avoiding vocal strain, staying hydrated, and avoiding irritants.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Persistent hoarseness lasting more than two weeks should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out more serious conditions.

Global Prevalence and Impact

Hoarseness is a common condition worldwide, affecting people of all ages. It can significantly impact quality of life, particularly for those who use their voice professionally.

See Also

• Vocal Health
• Respiratory System
• Speech-Language Pathology

References

• ENT Health - Hoarseness
• Mayo Clinic - Laryngitis
• American Speech-Language-Hearing Association - Hoarseness

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