Vocal cord paresis
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| Vocal cord paresis | |
|---|---|
| File:Vocalcordparalyses.png | |
| Synonyms | Vocal fold paresis |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Hoarseness, breathiness, dysphonia, dysphagia |
| Complications | Aspiration pneumonia, voice fatigue |
| Onset | Sudden or gradual |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Viral infection, surgery, trauma, neurological disorders |
| Risks | Smoking, gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| Diagnosis | Laryngoscopy, stroboscopy, electromyography |
| Differential diagnosis | Vocal cord paralysis, laryngitis, thyroid disease |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Voice therapy, surgery, injection laryngoplasty |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depending on cause and treatment |
| Frequency | Unknown |
| Deaths | N/A |
Vocal cord paresis is a condition characterized by the partial loss of function of one or both of the vocal cords. It is a type of laryngeal disorder that affects the ability of the vocal cords to move properly, leading to voice changes and potential breathing difficulties.
Anatomy and Physiology[edit]
The vocal cords, also known as vocal folds, are located in the larynx (voice box) and are essential for phonation, the process of producing sound. The vocal cords are composed of muscle, ligament, and mucous membrane, and they vibrate to produce sound when air is expelled from the lungs through the trachea.
Causes[edit]
Vocal cord paresis can result from a variety of causes, including:
- Viral infections that affect the nerves controlling the vocal cords.
- Surgical trauma to the recurrent laryngeal nerve during procedures such as thyroidectomy.
- Neurological disorders such as stroke or multiple sclerosis.
- Tumors that compress the nerves or muscles involved in vocal cord movement.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of vocal cord paresis can vary depending on the severity and whether one or both vocal cords are affected. Common symptoms include:
- Hoarseness or breathy voice
- Difficulty swallowing
- Shortness of breath
- Weak cough
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of vocal cord paresis typically involves:
- Laryngoscopy to visualize the movement of the vocal cords.
- Electromyography (EMG) to assess the electrical activity of the muscles involved.
- Imaging studies such as CT scan or MRI to identify any structural causes.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment options for vocal cord paresis depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. They may include:
- Voice therapy with a speech-language pathologist to improve vocal function.
- Surgical intervention to reposition or bulk up the affected vocal cord.
- Injection laryngoplasty to improve vocal cord closure.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for vocal cord paresis varies. Some patients may experience spontaneous recovery, especially if the cause is temporary, such as a viral infection. Others may require ongoing therapy or surgical intervention to improve voice quality and breathing.
