Phonation

Phonation is the process by which the vocal folds produce certain sounds through controlled, periodic vibration. This process is fundamental to speech and singing.

Physiology of Phonation

Phonation involves the use of the larynx, which houses the vocal folds. The vocal folds are a pair of multi-layered folds of tissue that can be controlled to create different pitches and volumes. When air from the lungs passes between the vocal folds, they vibrate and produce sound.

Process

The process of phonation involves several steps:

1. The brain sends a signal to the muscles in the larynx.
2. These muscles adjust the position and tension of the vocal folds.
3. Air from the lungs is expelled and passes between the vocal folds.
4. The pressure of the air causes the vocal folds to vibrate.
5. The vibration of the vocal folds produces sound.

Types of Phonation

There are several types of phonation, including:

• Modal voice: This is the most common type of phonation. It is used in normal speech and singing.
• Falsetto: This is a type of phonation that is higher in pitch than the modal voice.
• Vocal fry: This is a low, creaky type of phonation.
• Whisper: This is a type of phonation where the vocal folds do not vibrate, producing a breathy sound.

Disorders of Phonation

There are several disorders that can affect phonation, including:

• Vocal fold nodules and polyps: These are growths on the vocal folds that can affect the quality of the voice.
• Laryngitis: This is inflammation of the larynx that can cause hoarseness or loss of voice.
• Spasmodic dysphonia: This is a neurological disorder that causes involuntary movements of the vocal folds.

See Also

• Voice
• Speech
• Vocal folds
• Larynx

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  Vocal folds at rest
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  Vocal folds during speaking
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  Different positions of the glottis