Chronobiotic

Chronobiotic is a term used in chronopharmacology to describe substances that can shift the timing of the biological clock. These substances can be used to adjust the circadian rhythm in individuals suffering from jet lag, shift work disorder, and certain sleep disorders.

Definition

A chronobiotic is a substance that, when administered, affects the timing of the biological clock. The term is derived from the Greek words "chronos" (time) and "bios" (life). Chronobiotics can either advance or delay the timing of the biological clock, depending on the time of administration.

Mechanism of Action

Chronobiotics work by influencing the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the part of the brain that controls the circadian rhythm. The SCN responds to light and dark signals from the environment and adjusts the body's internal clock accordingly. Chronobiotics can mimic these signals, causing the SCN to adjust the timing of the circadian rhythm.

Examples

Melatonin is the most well-known chronobiotic. It is a hormone produced by the pineal gland in response to darkness, and it signals the body to prepare for sleep. Other chronobiotics include caffeine, which can delay the timing of the circadian rhythm, and light therapy, which can advance or delay the circadian rhythm depending on the timing of exposure.

Applications

Chronobiotics can be used to treat a variety of conditions related to disruptions in the circadian rhythm. These include jet lag, shift work disorder, and certain sleep disorders such as delayed sleep phase syndrome and advanced sleep phase syndrome. Chronobiotics can also be used to help individuals adjust to new time zones or work schedules.

See Also

• Chronotherapy
• Chronopharmacology
• Circadian rhythm sleep disorders