Coal pollution mitigation

Coal Pollution Mitigation

Coal pollution mitigation refers to the technologies and strategies employed to reduce the environmental impact of coal combustion, particularly the emission of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), particulate matter, and carbon dioxide (CO₂). These pollutants contribute to air pollution, acid rain, and climate change.

Background

Coal is one of the most abundant and widely used fossil fuels for electricity generation worldwide. However, its combustion releases significant amounts of pollutants that have adverse effects on human health and the environment. The need for coal pollution mitigation has become increasingly important as countries strive to balance energy needs with environmental protection.

Technologies for Mitigation

Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD)

Flue Gas Desulfurization is a technology used to remove sulfur dioxide from the exhaust flue gases of fossil fuel power plants. The most common FGD technology is the wet scrubber, which uses a slurry of limestone or lime to absorb SO₂ from the flue gas.

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

Selective Catalytic Reduction is a method of reducing nitrogen oxides emissions by injecting ammonia into the flue gas and passing it over a catalyst. This process converts NOₓ into nitrogen and water, significantly reducing emissions.

Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP)

Electrostatic Precipitators are devices that remove particulate matter from flue gases by applying an electric charge to the particles, which are then attracted to collector plates. This technology is effective in reducing particulate emissions from coal-fired power plants.

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

Carbon Capture and Storage involves capturing carbon dioxide emissions from power plants and storing them underground to prevent them from entering the atmosphere. CCS is considered a critical technology for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from coal combustion.

Environmental and Health Impacts

Coal pollution has significant impacts on both the environment and human health. Emissions from coal-fired power plants contribute to smog, respiratory illnesses, and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, coal combustion releases mercury and other heavy metals, which can contaminate water bodies and affect aquatic life.

Policy and Regulation

Governments around the world have implemented various policies and regulations to mitigate coal pollution. These include emission standards, cap-and-trade systems, and incentives for cleaner technologies. International agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, also play a role in encouraging countries to reduce their reliance on coal and transition to cleaner energy sources.

Also see

• Air pollution
• Acid rain
• Climate change
• Fossil fuel
• Renewable energy