Codeine-N-oxide

Codeine-N-oxide is a semi-synthetic opioid derived from morphine. It is a minor constituent of opium and is typically used for its analgesic, antitussive, and antidiarrheal properties.

Chemistry

Codeine-N-oxide, also known as 3-methylmorphine-N-oxide, is a phenanthrene alkaloid and a member of the morphinan class of opioids. It is structurally similar to codeine, with the addition of an oxide group. This modification results in a compound with different pharmacological properties.

Pharmacology

Codeine-N-oxide acts primarily as a prodrug, being metabolized in the body to produce its active forms, morphine and morphine-N-oxide. These metabolites are responsible for the drug's analgesic effects. Codeine-N-oxide also has a high affinity for the mu opioid receptor, which is thought to contribute to its antitussive and antidiarrheal effects.

Medical Uses

Codeine-N-oxide is used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain, as a cough suppressant, and for the relief of diarrhea. It is typically administered orally, often in combination with other medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.

Side Effects

Common side effects of codeine-N-oxide include drowsiness, constipation, and nausea. More serious side effects can include respiratory depression, addiction, and overdose.

See Also

• Opioid
• Morphine
• Codeine