Codeine/paracetamol

Combination medication used for pain relief

Codeine/paracetamol

Chemical structure of codeine and paracetamol

Codeine/paracetamol, also known as co-codamol, is a combination medication used to treat pain. It contains two active ingredients: codeine, an opioid, and paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen), a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic.

Pharmacology

Codeine is a prodrug that is metabolized in the liver to produce morphine, which is responsible for its analgesic effects. Paracetamol works by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins in the central nervous system and works peripherally to block pain impulse generation. The combination of these two drugs provides enhanced pain relief compared to either drug alone.

Indications

Codeine/paracetamol is indicated for the relief of moderate to severe pain. It is often prescribed when pain is not adequately controlled by paracetamol or other non-opioid analgesics alone.

Dosage and Administration

The dosage of codeine/paracetamol varies depending on the severity of the pain and the patient's response to the medication. It is typically taken orally, with the dose adjusted to achieve the desired level of pain relief while minimizing side effects.

Side Effects

Common side effects of codeine/paracetamol include nausea, vomiting, constipation, drowsiness, and dizziness. Serious side effects can include respiratory depression, especially at higher doses or in combination with other central nervous system depressants.

Precautions

Patients should be monitored for signs of opioid addiction, abuse, and misuse. Codeine/paracetamol should be used with caution in patients with liver disease, as paracetamol is metabolized by the liver and can cause hepatotoxicity in high doses.

Interactions

Codeine/paracetamol can interact with other medications, including other opioids, benzodiazepines, and alcohol, increasing the risk of respiratory depression and sedation. It may also interact with anticoagulants and other medications that affect liver enzymes.

Related pages

• Opioid analgesic
• Paracetamol
• Pain management
• Drug interactions