Continental Army

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Seal of the United States Board of War and Ordnance

Portrait of George Washington-transparent

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James Monroe (1758-1831)

Infantry, Continental Army, 1779-1783

George Washington HQ Valley Forge

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Stockbridge 1778

The Continental Army was formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America. Established by a resolution of the Continental Congress on June 14, 1775, it was created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in their revolt against the rule of Great Britain. The Continental Army was supplemented by local militia and other troops that remained under the control of the individual states.

Formation and Structure

The Continental Army was established by the Second Continental Congress in response to the growing conflict with British forces. George Washington was appointed as the Commander-in-Chief of the army. The army was initially composed of existing colonial militias and volunteers, and it was organized into regiments, brigades, and divisions.

Key Campaigns and Battles

The Continental Army played a crucial role in several key campaigns and battles during the American Revolutionary War. Some of the most significant engagements include:

• The Siege of Boston (1775-1776)
• The Battle of Trenton (1776)
• The Battle of Saratoga (1777)
• The Battle of Monmouth (1778)
• The Siege of Yorktown (1781)

Challenges and Reforms

The Continental Army faced numerous challenges, including shortages of supplies, funding, and trained soldiers. The harsh winter at Valley Forge (1777-1778) was a particularly difficult period, but it also led to significant reforms and training under the supervision of Baron von Steuben, a Prussian military officer.

Disbandment

Following the end of the American Revolutionary War and the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1783), the Continental Army was largely disbanded. The United States Army was later established as the permanent military force of the United States.

Legacy

The Continental Army is remembered for its role in securing American independence and laying the foundation for the United States military. Its legacy is honored in various ways, including historical reenactments and monuments.

Related Pages

• American Revolutionary War
• George Washington
• Second Continental Congress
• Valley Forge
• United States Army
• Treaty of Paris (1783)