Coronation Mass (Mozart)

Salzburger Dom

Coronation Mass in C major, K. 317, is a liturgical composition by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Composed in 1779, it is one of Mozart's most popular and enduring works. The mass was likely intended for use in liturgical ceremonies at the Salzburg Cathedral, where Mozart was employed as court organist and composer. The nickname "Coronation" was attached to this mass not because it was composed for a coronation but because it was frequently performed at coronations and other ceremonial occasions.

Composition and Structure

The Coronation Mass is scored for SATB choir, soloists (soprano, alto, tenor, and bass), and an orchestral ensemble consisting of trumpets, timpani, strings, and continuo. Its structure follows the traditional Mass form, comprising six movements:

1. Kyrie – A solemn and reflective opening, calling for mercy.
2. Gloria – A festive and elaborate movement, praising the glory of God.
3. Credo – A declaration of faith, notable for its vibrant energy and intricate vocal lines.
4. Sanctus – A short and majestic movement, proclaiming the holiness of God.
5. Benedictus – A serene and beautiful quartet for the soloists, leading to a reprise of the Sanctus.
6. Agnus Dei – A prayer for peace and mercy, concluding with a joyful Dona nobis pacem.

Background

Mozart composed the Coronation Mass during a period of significant personal and professional development. In 1779, he returned to Salzburg after a disappointing job-hunting trip to Paris. The mass was composed for the Easter service at the Salzburg Cathedral, a venue that often showcased Mozart's church compositions. The specific reasons for the mass's composition remain unclear, but it was possibly intended to celebrate the accession of a new archbishop in Salzburg.

Reception and Legacy

The Coronation Mass gained its nickname from its association with royal and imperial coronations, particularly when it was performed during the coronation of Leopold II as king of Bohemia in 1791. Its majestic and festive character made it suitable for grand occasions, contributing to its popularity and frequent performance.

Over the years, the Coronation Mass has remained a staple in the choral repertoire, celebrated for its brilliant orchestration, expressive melodies, and the balance between solo and choral sections. It exemplifies Mozart's mastery in composing sacred music that appeals to both liturgical and concert settings.

Recordings and Performances

The Coronation Mass has been recorded and performed by numerous choirs and orchestras around the world, highlighting its universal appeal and enduring popularity. Its performances are particularly frequent around Easter and during festive occasions, reflecting its joyful and uplifting character.

See Also

• Mass in C minor, K. 427
• Requiem in D minor, K. 626
• Church music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart