Corticiaceae

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Erythricium laetum 40560

Corticiaceae is a family of fungi within the order Polyporales. This family is characterized by its members' crust-like growth form, commonly referred to as crust fungi or corticioid fungi. These fungi are primarily saprotrophic, decomposing wood and other plant materials, although some species are parasitic. The Corticiaceae play a significant role in forest ecology by contributing to the decomposition of dead wood and recycling of nutrients.

Characteristics

Members of the Corticiaceae family typically form smooth, flat, or slightly wrinkled fruiting bodies on the surfaces of dead wood. These fruiting bodies are often inconspicuous, blending in with their substrate. The spores are produced on the surface of these structures, in structures known as basidia, which are characteristic of the Basidiomycota division to which this family belongs.

Habitat and Distribution

Corticiaceae species are found worldwide, from tropical to temperate regions. They colonize a wide range of substrates, primarily wood from both hardwoods and conifers. Some species are specialized to certain tree species or environmental conditions, while others have a broader range of habitats.

Ecological Role

As saprotrophs, corticioid fungi are crucial in the decomposition process, breaking down the cellulose and lignin in wood. This decomposition process is vital for nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems, helping to release nutrients back into the soil for use by living plants. Some Corticiaceae species are also involved in mycorrhizal relationships, forming symbiotic associations with plant roots that are beneficial for nutrient exchange.

Taxonomy

The taxonomy of Corticiaceae has undergone significant changes with the advent of molecular phylogenetic studies. Historically, the family was classified based on morphological characteristics of the fruiting bodies and spore-producing structures. However, molecular data have led to a reevaluation of these relationships, and many genera previously included in Corticiaceae have been moved to other families within Polyporales or to different orders entirely.

Genera

The Corticiaceae family encompasses several genera, including but not limited to:

• Corticium
• Hyphoderma
• Phlebia
• Stereum

Each genus contains species with distinct ecological roles, morphological characteristics, and genetic makeup.

Conservation

While many Corticiaceae species are common and not considered at risk, habitat destruction and changes in forest management practices can threaten some species. Conservation of old-growth forests and dead wood in forests is important for maintaining the diversity of corticioid fungi and the ecological functions they perform.

Research and Applications

Research on Corticiaceae encompasses taxonomy, ecology, and potential applications in biotechnology, such as in the degradation of pollutants or the production of enzymes for industrial processes. Understanding the diversity and function of these fungi can also inform forest management practices to support biodiversity and ecosystem health.