Corylus americana

Corylus americana, commonly known as the American hazelnut or American filbert, is a species of hazelnut native to eastern North America. The plant is a deciduous shrub, typically growing to 2–5 meters (6–16 ft) tall, with a dense, clump-forming habit. Its leaves are broadly oval to heart-shaped, finely toothed, and measure 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long. The shrub produces male catkins that are 5–12 cm (2–4.7 in) long and female flowers in small clusters. The fruit of Corylus americana is an edible nut, enclosed in a leafy husk with a fringed margin.

Description

Corylus americana has a broad, bushy form, making it a popular choice for wildlife habitats and naturalized areas. The leaves turn a vibrant yellow to red in the fall, adding seasonal interest. The male flowers, or catkins, appear in early spring before the leaves, while the female flowers are small and largely hidden in the buds. Pollination is primarily by wind. The nuts mature in late summer to early fall and are a food source for a variety of wildlife, including birds and small mammals, as well as being edible for humans.

Distribution and Habitat

The American hazelnut is found throughout the eastern United States, from Maine to Florida, and west to Texas and Minnesota. It prefers well-drained soils in full sun to partial shade and is commonly found in woodlands, forest edges, and open fields. Corylus americana is adaptable to a range of soil types and pH levels, making it a versatile species for restoration projects and wildlife gardens.

Cultivation and Uses

In addition to its value for wildlife, Corylus americana is cultivated for its edible nuts, which are smaller than the commercially produced European hazelnuts (Corylus avellana) but are similarly flavored. The nuts can be eaten raw or used in cooking and baking. The shrub is also used in landscaping for its attractive foliage, fall color, and as a natural hedge or border plant.

Conservation

While Corylus americana is not currently listed as endangered, its habitat is threatened by urbanization, agriculture, and invasive species. Conservation efforts focus on preserving natural habitats and promoting the use of native plants in landscaping.

See Also

• Hazelnut
• Corylus avellana (Common hazelnut)
• Edible nuts
• Wildlife garden