Cotyla

Athens Kotyle cup with an owl

Cotyla is a genus of swallows in the family Hirundinidae. These birds are known for their aerial feeding habits and are commonly found in various regions across the world. The genus Cotyla includes several species, each with unique characteristics and habitats.

Taxonomy and Systematics

The genus Cotyla was first described by naturalists in the 19th century. It belongs to the family Hirundinidae, which encompasses all swallows and martins. The genus name Cotyla is derived from the Greek word "kotyle," meaning a small cup or cavity, possibly referring to the shape of their nests.

Species

The genus Cotyla includes the following species:

• Cotyla riparia - commonly known as the Sand Martin or Bank Swallow.
• Cotyla paludicola - known as the Brown-throated Martin or Plain Martin.

Description

Members of the genus Cotyla are small to medium-sized swallows with streamlined bodies and long, pointed wings. They have a forked tail, which is a characteristic feature of swallows. Their plumage is generally dull, with shades of brown, grey, and white, which provides camouflage in their natural habitats.

Habitat and Distribution

Cotyla species are found in a variety of habitats, including riverbanks, lakeshores, and open fields. They are widely distributed across Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. These birds are migratory, traveling long distances between their breeding and wintering grounds.

Behavior and Ecology

Cotyla swallows are known for their agile flight and insectivorous diet. They catch insects in mid-air using their wide mouths. These birds are social and often form large colonies during the breeding season. They nest in burrows dug into sandy banks or cliffs, which provides protection from predators.

Breeding

The breeding season for Cotyla species varies depending on their geographical location. They typically lay 3-6 eggs per clutch, which are incubated by both parents. The chicks are altricial, meaning they are born naked and helpless, requiring significant parental care.

Conservation Status

The conservation status of Cotyla species varies. Some species, like the Sand Martin, are considered to be of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), while others may face threats from habitat loss and environmental changes.

See Also

• Swallow
• Hirundinidae
• Migration