Cowper gland

Cowper's Gland (also known as Bulbourethral Glands) are two small exocrine glands located in the male reproductive system. These glands are named after the English anatomist William Cowper, who first described them in the 17th century. They play a crucial role in the sexual health and reproductive function of males.

Function

The primary function of Cowper's glands is to secrete a clear, viscous fluid known as pre-ejaculate or pre-cum. This fluid serves several purposes:

• It neutralizes the acidity of the urethra, making it a more hospitable environment for sperm.
• It lubricates the urethra, easing the passage of sperm during ejaculation.
• It may help in lubricating the penis during sexual intercourse, although this is not its primary function.

Anatomy

Cowper's glands are situated below the prostate gland, near the beginning of the penis, on either side of the urethra. Each gland is approximately the size of a pea and is connected to the urethra through a small duct. Despite their small size, the glands play a significant role in male reproductive health.

Clinical Significance

Problems with Cowper's glands can lead to various medical conditions, including:

• Infection and inflammation, known as Bulbourethral gland infection.
• Cysts or abscesses, which may require medical intervention.
• Their role in the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to the presence of infectious agents in pre-ejaculate fluid.

See Also

• Prostate gland
• Seminal vesicle
• Ejaculation
• Reproductive system