Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus

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Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is a plant pathogenic virus that primarily affects cucurbit crops, including cucumber, melon, watermelon, and squash. It belongs to the genus Tobamovirus within the family Virgaviridae.

Virology

CGMMV is a rod-shaped, non-enveloped virus with a single-stranded RNA genome. The virus particles are approximately 300 nm in length and 18 nm in diameter. The genome of CGMMV encodes several proteins, including the replicase, movement protein, and coat protein, which are essential for its replication and systemic movement within the host plant.

Symptoms

Infected plants exhibit a range of symptoms, including mottling, mosaic patterns, and chlorosis on the leaves. In severe cases, the virus can cause stunted growth, reduced fruit quality, and yield losses. The symptoms can vary depending on the host species, environmental conditions, and the strain of the virus.

Transmission

CGMMV is primarily transmitted through contaminated seeds, soil, and plant debris. It can also spread via mechanical means, such as through contaminated tools, hands, and equipment. The virus is highly stable and can persist in the environment for extended periods, making it difficult to control.

Management

Effective management of CGMMV involves a combination of cultural practices, sanitation measures, and the use of resistant cultivars. Key strategies include:

• Using certified virus-free seeds and transplants.
• Implementing crop rotation to reduce soil-borne inoculum.
• Practicing good sanitation by cleaning tools and equipment.
• Removing and destroying infected plants and plant debris.
• Monitoring and controlling insect vectors that may facilitate virus spread.

Economic Impact

CGMMV can cause significant economic losses in cucurbit production due to reduced yield and fruit quality. The virus poses a major threat to both commercial growers and home gardeners, necessitating vigilant management practices to mitigate its impact.

Research

Ongoing research aims to develop resistant cultivars, improve diagnostic methods, and understand the molecular mechanisms of CGMMV infection and host interactions. Advances in these areas are crucial for developing effective control strategies and reducing the economic burden of the virus.

See also

• Tobamovirus
• Plant virus
• Cucurbitaceae
• Plant pathology