Cumene

Industrial synthesis of cumene (gas-phase)

Cumene (isopropylbenzene) is an organic compound that is an aromatic hydrocarbon. It is a flammable, colorless liquid that occurs naturally in coal tar and petroleum. Cumene is primarily used as a feedstock in the production of other chemicals, most notably phenol and acetone, through a process known as the Cumene Process. This compound plays a significant role in the chemical industry due to its applications in the production of various polymers, resins, and plastics.

Production

Cumene is produced on a large scale through the alkylation of benzene with propylene. This reaction is catalyzed by solid acid catalysts, such as zeolite-based catalysts. The process involves the formation of cumene hydroperoxide as an intermediate, which is then decomposed to phenol and acetone in the presence of an acidic catalyst.

Uses

The primary use of cumene is as a feedstock in the Cumene Process, where it is converted into phenol and acetone. These compounds are essential in the production of polycarbonates, phenolic resins, and acetone cyanohydrin, which is a precursor to methyl methacrylate. Cumene is also used as a solvent and as a component in high-octane fuels.

Health and Safety

Exposure to cumene can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. It is considered to be a potential occupational hazard in industries where it is produced or used. Cumene is irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Long-term exposure can affect the central nervous system and may lead to liver and kidney damage. It is classified as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).

Environmental Impact

Cumene can enter the environment through industrial discharges or accidental spills. In the atmosphere, it undergoes photochemical reactions to form various pollutants, including organic peroxides. In water and soil, cumene is moderately persistent and can pose risks to aquatic life due to its toxicity.

Regulation

The production, use, and disposal of cumene are regulated under various international and national laws to minimize its health and environmental impacts. Regulations may include exposure limits, reporting requirements, and guidelines for the safe handling and disposal of cumene-containing wastes.