Acetone cyanohydrin
Acetone cyanohydrin is an organic compound with the formula (CH₃)₂C(OH)CN. It is a colorless liquid, although it is usually encountered as a pale yellow liquid due to impurities. It is classified as a cyanohydrin, which is a functional group consisting of a hydroxyl group and a nitrile group attached to the same carbon atom.
Synthesis[edit]
Acetone cyanohydrin is produced by the reaction of acetone with hydrogen cyanide (HCN): Failed to parse (syntax error): {\displaystyle (CH₃)₂CO + HCN → (CH₃)₂C(OH)CN } This reaction is typically catalyzed by a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
Applications[edit]
Acetone cyanohydrin is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of methyl methacrylate (MMA), which is a monomer used to produce polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a transparent thermoplastic often used as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass. The conversion of acetone cyanohydrin to MMA involves several steps, including hydrolysis and esterification.
Safety[edit]
Acetone cyanohydrin is highly toxic and can release hydrogen cyanide upon decomposition. It is a potent inhibitor of cellular respiration, and exposure can lead to symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and respiratory distress. Proper handling and storage are essential to prevent accidental exposure.
Related Compounds[edit]
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