Acetone cyanohydrin

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Acetone cyanohydrin is an organic compound with the formula (CH₃)₂C(OH)CN. It is a colorless liquid, although it is usually encountered as a pale yellow liquid due to impurities. It is classified as a cyanohydrin, which is a functional group consisting of a hydroxyl group and a nitrile group attached to the same carbon atom.

Synthesis

Acetone cyanohydrin is produced by the reaction of acetone with hydrogen cyanide (HCN): <math> (CH₃)₂CO + HCN → (CH₃)₂C(OH)CN </math> This reaction is typically catalyzed by a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.

Applications

Acetone cyanohydrin is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of methyl methacrylate (MMA), which is a monomer used to produce polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a transparent thermoplastic often used as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass. The conversion of acetone cyanohydrin to MMA involves several steps, including hydrolysis and esterification.

Safety

Acetone cyanohydrin is highly toxic and can release hydrogen cyanide upon decomposition. It is a potent inhibitor of cellular respiration, and exposure can lead to symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and respiratory distress. Proper handling and storage are essential to prevent accidental exposure.

Related Compounds

• Hydrogen cyanide
• Acetone
• Methyl methacrylate
• Polymethyl methacrylate

See Also

• Cyanohydrin
• Organic chemistry
• Industrial chemistry