Cushing

Cushing's syndrome is a disorder that occurs when your body has a high level of the hormone cortisol. This condition, also known as hypercortisolism, can be caused by taking glucocorticoid drugs, or by tumors that produce cortisol or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). More rarely, it can be caused by the pituitary gland making too much ACTH, leading to excessive production of cortisol.

Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome can vary widely. Common symptoms include:

• Weight gain and fatty tissue deposits, particularly around the midsection and upper back, in the face (moon face), and between the shoulders (buffalo hump)
• Pink or purple stretch marks (striae) on the skin of the abdomen, thighs, breasts and arms
• Thinning, fragile skin that bruises easily
• Slow healing of cuts, insect bites and infections
• Acne

Causes

Cushing's syndrome occurs when your body is exposed to high levels of the hormone cortisol for a long time. The most common cause of Cushing's syndrome is the use of oral corticosteroid medication. The condition can also occur when your body makes too much cortisol. This can happen for several reasons, including:

• Pituitary adenomas
• Adrenal gland tumors
• Ectopic ACTH syndrome
• Familial Cushing's syndrome

Diagnosis

Diagnosing Cushing's syndrome can be complex and difficult. This is because the signs and symptoms are similar to those of other conditions. Your doctor will likely use several tests to confirm a diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and identify the cause. These tests may include:

• Urine and blood tests
• Saliva test
• Imaging tests
• Petrosal sinus sampling

Treatment

Treatment for Cushing's syndrome depends on the cause. Options include:

• Reducing corticosteroid use
• Surgery
• Radiation therapy
• Medications

See also

• Cushing's disease
• Adrenal gland disorders
• Pituitary gland disorders