Cyanine
Overview of Cyanine dyes in medical applications
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Cyanine is a non-systematic name of a synthetic dye family belonging to the polymethine group. These dyes are characterized by the presence of a conjugated chain of carbon atoms, which can vary in length, and are terminated by nitrogen atoms. Cyanines are widely used in the field of biochemistry and biotechnology for their fluorescent properties.
Applications in Medical Imaging[edit | edit source]
Cyanine dyes are extensively used in medical imaging due to their ability to absorb and emit light in the near-infrared region. This property makes them ideal for fluorescence imaging techniques, which are crucial in diagnostic imaging and therapeutic monitoring.
Fluorescence Imaging[edit | edit source]
In fluorescence imaging, cyanine dyes are used as fluorescent probes to label biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. This labeling allows researchers to track the movement and interaction of these molecules within biological systems.
Near-Infrared Fluorescence[edit | edit source]
Cyanine dyes, particularly those with longer polymethine chains, are known for their near-infrared fluorescence. This feature is advantageous in in vivo imaging as it reduces autofluorescence from biological tissues, providing clearer images.
Synthesis and Structure[edit | edit source]
Cyanine dyes are synthesized through the condensation of quaternary ammonium salts with aldehydes or ketones. The resulting structure consists of a polymethine chain flanked by two nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The length of the polymethine chain determines the dye's absorption and emission properties.
Variants of Cyanine Dyes[edit | edit source]
There are several variants of cyanine dyes, each with unique properties:
- Cy3 and Cy5: Commonly used in DNA microarray and flow cytometry.
- Cy7: Known for its near-infrared fluorescence, used in in vivo imaging.
Safety and Handling[edit | edit source]
While cyanine dyes are valuable in research, they must be handled with care. Proper laboratory safety protocols should be followed to avoid exposure, as some dyes may be toxic or irritant.
See Also[edit | edit source]
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