Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors

Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors (often abbreviated as COX-2 inhibitors) are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that directly targets cyclooxygenase-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain.

Mechanism of Action

COX-2 inhibitors work by selectively inhibiting the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme. This enzyme is primarily present at sites of inflammation, producing prostaglandins that promote inflammation, pain, and fever. By inhibiting this enzyme, COX-2 inhibitors reduce these symptoms.

Uses

COX-2 inhibitors are used to treat a variety of conditions where inflammation and pain are present. This includes arthritis, menstrual pain, and other types of acute or chronic pain. They are also used in the management of colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer.

Side Effects

Like all NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors can have side effects. These can include gastrointestinal problems such as stomach pain, heartburn, and ulcers. They can also increase the risk of heart attack and stroke, particularly in people with pre-existing heart disease or risk factors for heart disease.

Examples

Examples of COX-2 inhibitors include celecoxib (Celebrex), rofecoxib (Vioxx), and valdecoxib (Bextra). Rofecoxib and valdecoxib have been withdrawn from the market due to concerns about their cardiovascular safety.

See Also

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• Cyclooxygenase
• Prostaglandin