Cynara

Cynara cardunculus Prague 2011 3

Cynara is a genus of thistle-like perennial plants in the sunflower family, known by the common name artichokes or cardoons. This genus includes several species, the most well-known being the Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) and the Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis). These plants are native to the Mediterranean region, where they have been cultivated since ancient times for their edible flower buds or stems, respectively.

Description

Cynara species are large, thistle-like plants that can reach heights of 1.5 to 2 meters. They have deeply lobed, silver-green leaves that can be quite large and are often spiny. The plants produce large, spherical flower heads, which are actually clusters of numerous florets. In the case of the globe artichoke, these flower heads are harvested before they bloom and are considered a delicacy. The cardoon, on the other hand, is grown for its thick, edible leaf stalks.

Cultivation

Cynara species are grown in temperate climates around the world, with the globe artichoke being particularly popular in Europe, North America, and parts of North Africa. They prefer well-drained, fertile soil and full sun. Artichokes are typically propagated from seed or by division of offshoots from the parent plant. They require regular watering and can be susceptible to pests and diseases such as aphids and powdery mildew.

Uses

The primary use of Cynara species is culinary. The globe artichoke is prized for its tender, flavorful flower buds, which can be prepared in a variety of ways, including steaming, boiling, and grilling. The heart of the artichoke is particularly sought after and can be eaten alone or used in dishes such as salads, dips, and pasta. The cardoon, while less commonly consumed, is valued in Mediterranean cuisine for its stalks, which are typically blanched and then cooked.

In addition to their culinary uses, Cynara species have been used in traditional medicine. They are believed to have diuretic and digestive properties, and extracts from the leaves have been used to treat liver and gallbladder conditions.

Conservation

While Cynara species are not currently considered endangered, their natural habitats in the Mediterranean region are subject to the pressures of agricultural expansion, urbanization, and climate change. Conservation efforts focus on preserving natural habitats and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

See Also

• Asteraceae
• Perennial plant
• Mediterranean cuisine