Cynoglossum officinale

Cynoglossum officinale W

Cynoglossum officinale 190506a

Cynoglossum officinale, commonly known as houndstongue, is a species of flowering plant in the borage family (Boraginaceae). It is native to Europe and Asia but has been introduced to other parts of the world, including North America, where it is often considered an invasive species.

Description

Cynoglossum officinale is a biennial herb that typically grows to a height of 30-80 cm. The plant has a distinctive appearance with its large, hairy leaves that resemble a dog's tongue, hence the common name "houndstongue." The leaves are lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, and the plant produces small, reddish-purple flowers arranged in coiled cymes. The flowers bloom from late spring to early summer.

Habitat

Houndstongue thrives in disturbed areas, such as roadsides, pastures, and waste places. It prefers well-drained soils and can often be found in areas with full sun to partial shade.

Life Cycle

As a biennial, Cynoglossum officinale completes its life cycle over two years. In the first year, it forms a rosette of basal leaves. In the second year, it sends up a flowering stalk, produces seeds, and then dies. The seeds are equipped with barbs that allow them to attach to the fur of animals, aiding in their dispersal.

Toxicity

Cynoglossum officinale contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are toxic to livestock and humans if ingested. These compounds can cause liver damage and other health issues. Therefore, it is important to manage and control the spread of this plant in areas where livestock graze.

Control and Management

Managing houndstongue involves a combination of mechanical, chemical, and biological control methods. Mechanical control includes hand-pulling or cutting the plants before they set seed. Chemical control involves the use of herbicides, while biological control may include the introduction of natural predators or pathogens that target the plant.

Related Species

Cynoglossum officinale is related to other members of the Boraginaceae family, such as Borago officinalis (borage) and Myosotis (forget-me-nots).

Related Pages

• Boraginaceae
• Invasive species
• Biennial plant
• Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
• Livestock poisoning