DCG-IV

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) is a publication by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that includes all currently recognized mental health disorders. The DSM-IV, published in 1994, is the fourth edition of the APA's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Overview

The DSM-IV provides a comprehensive classification system for mental disorders, with the aim of facilitating diagnosis, treatment, and research. It is used by clinicians and researchers in a variety of fields, including psychiatry, psychology, social work, nursing, and occupational therapy.

The DSM-IV is organized into a five-part 'Axis system', with each Axis relating to a different aspect of mental health. This system is designed to provide a holistic view of a patient's mental health, taking into account a wide range of factors that may contribute to mental illness.

Axes

The five Axes of the DSM-IV are as follows:

1. Axis I: Clinical Disorders. This Axis includes all mental health disorders except personality disorders and mental retardation.
2. Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation. This Axis includes long-standing, ingrained, maladaptive patterns of behavior.
3. Axis III: General Medical Conditions. This Axis includes physical or medical conditions that may influence or exacerbate mental disorders.
4. Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems. This Axis includes factors in a person's environment that may affect their mental health, such as stress, trauma, or significant life changes.
5. Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning. This Axis provides a measure of a person's overall level of functioning, taking into account their psychological, social, and occupational functioning.

Criticisms and revisions

The DSM-IV has been subject to various criticisms, including concerns about the reliability and validity of its diagnostic categories, the influence of the pharmaceutical industry on its content, and its Western cultural bias. In response to these and other concerns, the APA published a revised version, the DSM-5, in 2013.

See also

• DSM-5
• International Classification of Diseases
• Mental health

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