DJ-1
DJ-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PARK7 gene. It is a multifunctional protein that plays a role in various cellular processes, including cellular response to oxidative stress, cell proliferation, and mitochondrial function. Mutations in the PARK7 gene are associated with rare forms of Parkinson's disease.
Structure[edit | edit source]
The DJ-1 protein is a small, highly conserved protein of 189 amino acids. It has a unique structure consisting of a six-stranded beta-sheet sandwiched between eight alpha-helices. The protein has a single cysteine residue at position 106, which is sensitive to oxidative stress and plays a crucial role in the protein's function.
Function[edit | edit source]
DJ-1 plays a role in various cellular processes. It acts as a redox sensor and can protect cells from oxidative stress by undergoing a self-oxidation reaction. DJ-1 also regulates cell proliferation and survival, and it has been implicated in the regulation of transcription and mitochondrial function.
In the context of Parkinson's disease, DJ-1 is thought to play a protective role. It has been shown to prevent the aggregation of alpha-synuclein, a protein that forms toxic aggregates in the brains of Parkinson's patients. DJ-1 also protects neurons from death induced by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, two key factors in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
Clinical significance[edit | edit source]
Mutations in the PARK7 gene, which encodes DJ-1, are associated with rare forms of early-onset Parkinson's disease. These mutations often result in a loss of function of the DJ-1 protein, leading to increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD