DPP3

Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DPP3 gene. DPP3 plays a crucial role in the degradation of some oligopeptides within the body, specifically, it is involved in the cleavage of dipeptides from the N-terminus of polypeptides. This enzyme is part of the dipeptidyl peptidase family and is widely expressed in various tissues, including the heart, liver, and kidneys. Its activity is essential for the regulation of several physiological processes, including blood pressure, inflammation, and pain modulation.

Function

DPP3 functions by breaking down specific peptides into smaller units, which can then be further processed or excreted by the body. This enzymatic activity is critical for maintaining the balance of peptides in the body, which in turn regulates various biological processes. For example, DPP3 is involved in the metabolism of angiotensin II, a peptide hormone that plays a key role in controlling blood pressure and fluid balance. By modulating the levels of such peptides, DPP3 indirectly influences blood pressure regulation, electrolyte balance, and vascular resistance.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in DPP3 expression or activity have been associated with several pathological conditions. Elevated levels of DPP3 have been observed in patients with heart failure, suggesting a potential role in the pathophysiology of this condition. Furthermore, DPP3 activity has been linked to the degradation of opioid peptides, which may have implications for pain management and the development of opioid tolerance.

Recent studies have also explored the potential of DPP3 as a biomarker for various diseases, including cardiovascular disorders and sepsis. The enzyme's involvement in critical physiological pathways makes it a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Inhibitors of DPP3 are being investigated for their potential to treat high blood pressure, chronic pain, and other conditions related to the enzyme's activity.

Genetic and Molecular Biology

The DPP3 gene is located on chromosome 11 in humans and consists of multiple exons that encode the DPP3 protein. The structure of DPP3 includes a zinc-binding motif, which is essential for its enzymatic activity. Mutations in the DPP3 gene can affect the enzyme's function and have been studied in the context of their potential link to disease.

See Also

• Peptidase
• Angiotensin II
• Opioid peptide
• Heart failure
• Biomarker