Dairy allergy

Dairy Allergy
Milk, a common source of dairy allergens
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Hives, wheezing, vomiting, diarrhea, anaphylaxis
Complications	N/A
Onset	Minutes to hours after ingestion
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Immune response to proteins in milk
Risks	Family history of allergies
Diagnosis	Skin prick test, Blood test
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Avoidance of dairy, Epinephrine for severe reactions
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common in children, less common in adults
Deaths	N/A

Dairy allergy is an immune system response to one or more proteins found in cow's milk and other dairy products. It is one of the most common food allergies in children, though it can also affect adults. Unlike lactose intolerance, which is a non-immune mediated condition, dairy allergy involves the immune system and can cause severe reactions.

Pathophysiology

Dairy allergy occurs when the immune system mistakenly identifies proteins in milk, such as casein and whey, as harmful substances. This triggers the production of IgE antibodies, which bind to these proteins and cause the release of histamine and other chemicals, leading to allergic symptoms.

Symptoms

Symptoms of dairy allergy can range from mild to severe and may include:

• Urticaria (hives)
• Angioedema (swelling)
• Wheezing
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Anaphylaxis, a life-threatening reaction that requires immediate medical attention

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of dairy allergy typically involves a combination of:

• Medical history and symptom review
• Skin prick test to check for immediate allergic reactions
• Blood test to measure specific IgE antibodies to milk proteins
• Oral food challenge under medical supervision

Management

The primary treatment for dairy allergy is strict avoidance of milk and dairy products. Patients should read food labels carefully and be aware of hidden sources of milk proteins. In cases of accidental exposure, antihistamines may be used for mild reactions, while epinephrine is required for severe reactions such as anaphylaxis.

Prognosis

Many children outgrow dairy allergy by the age of 3 to 5 years, but some may continue to have the allergy into adulthood. Regular follow-up with an allergist is recommended to monitor the condition.

Also see

• Lactose intolerance
• Food allergy
• Anaphylaxis
• Casein
• Whey protein