Dalrymple's sign

Dalrymple's sign is a medical term referring to the abnormal widening of the palpebral fissure, or the opening between the eyelids, often associated with Graves' disease. This sign is named after British physician, John Dalrymple, who first described it in the 19th century.

Overview

Dalrymple's sign is characterized by an abnormal widening of the palpebral fissure, which is the opening between the upper and lower eyelids. This condition is often associated with Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones, or hyperthyroidism.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of Dalrymple's sign is the abnormal widening of the palpebral fissure. This can result in the white part of the eye, or the sclera, being visible above and below the iris when the eyes are in a normal position. Other symptoms may include exophthalmos, or bulging of the eyes, and lid lag, a delay in the movement of the eyelid when the eye moves downward.

Causes

The main cause of Dalrymple's sign is Graves' disease. This autoimmune disorder causes the body's immune system to attack the thyroid gland, leading to an overproduction of thyroid hormones. These hormones can cause a variety of symptoms, including the abnormal widening of the palpebral fissure seen in Dalrymple's sign.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Dalrymple's sign is typically made through a physical examination of the eyes. The doctor may also order blood tests to check for the presence of thyroid hormones and antibodies associated with Graves' disease.

Treatment

Treatment for Dalrymple's sign typically involves addressing the underlying cause, which is often Graves' disease. This may involve medication to reduce the production of thyroid hormones, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland.

See also

• Graves' disease
• Hyperthyroidism
• Exophthalmos
• Lid lag