Decloxizine

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Decloxizine is a first-generation antihistamine with anticholinergic properties. It is primarily used for the treatment of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, and pruritus.

Pharmacology

Decloxizine functions by blocking the action of histamine at the H1 receptor sites, which are responsible for the symptoms of allergic reactions. As a first-generation antihistamine, it can cross the blood-brain barrier, leading to potential sedative effects.

Mechanism of Action

The drug acts as an inverse agonist at the H1 receptor, stabilizing the receptor in its inactive form and thus reducing the effects of histamine. This action helps alleviate symptoms such as itching, swelling, and redness associated with allergic reactions.

Pharmacokinetics

Decloxizine is administered orally and is metabolized in the liver. The metabolites are excreted primarily through the kidneys. The exact half-life of decloxizine is not well-documented, but it is typical of first-generation antihistamines to have a relatively short half-life, necessitating multiple doses throughout the day.

Clinical Use

Decloxizine is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with allergic conditions. It is effective in reducing symptoms such as:

• Allergic rhinitis
• Chronic urticaria
• Pruritus

Side Effects

Common side effects of decloxizine include:

• Drowsiness
• Dry mouth
• Dizziness
• Blurred vision

Due to its sedative properties, caution is advised when operating machinery or driving.

Contraindications

Decloxizine should not be used in individuals with known hypersensitivity to the drug or its components. It should be used with caution in patients with:

• Glaucoma
• Prostatic hypertrophy
• Bladder neck obstruction

Interactions

Decloxizine may interact with other central nervous system depressants, such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, and opioids, potentially enhancing sedative effects.

Also see

• Antihistamine
• Histamine receptor
• Allergic reaction
• Sedative