Derris

Derris is a genus of leguminous plants in the Fabaceae family. This genus is known for its species that produce the natural insecticide rotenone. Derris plants are primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions.

Description

Derris plants are typically woody climbers or shrubs. They have compound leaves with several leaflets and produce flowers that are usually pink, white, or purple. The fruit is a pod containing several seeds.

Uses

The most notable use of Derris plants is the extraction of rotenone, a chemical compound used as an insecticide and piscicide. Rotenone is derived from the roots of certain Derris species, such as Derris elliptica and Derris malaccensis. It has been used in agriculture to control pests on crops and in fisheries to manage fish populations.

Species

Some of the well-known species in the Derris genus include:

• Derris elliptica
• Derris malaccensis
• Derris trifoliata

Ecology

Derris species are found in a variety of habitats, including forests, riverbanks, and coastal areas. They play a role in their ecosystems by providing food and habitat for various insects and animals.

Cultivation

Derris plants are cultivated for their roots, which are harvested to extract rotenone. They require a warm climate and well-drained soil to thrive. Propagation is typically done through seeds or cuttings.

Toxicity

While rotenone is effective as an insecticide, it is also toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms. Care must be taken when using rotenone-based products to avoid environmental contamination.

Research

Ongoing research is focused on the potential health effects of rotenone exposure in humans and its environmental impact. Studies are also being conducted to explore alternative, less toxic pest control methods.

See also

• Fabaceae
• Insecticide
• Rotenone