Desensitization (pharmacology)
Desensitization (pharmacology)
Desensitization, also known as drug tolerance, is a phenomenon in pharmacology where a subject's reaction to a specific drug decreases, resulting in the need for higher doses to achieve the same effect. This process can occur with both therapeutic drugs and substances of abuse.
Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
Desensitization occurs at the cellular level, involving changes in the number or sensitivity of receptors on the cell surface. This can be due to the internalization of receptors, a process known as downregulation, or changes in the receptor's ability to bind to the drug, known as receptor desensitization.
Types of Desensitization[edit | edit source]
There are two main types of desensitization: acute and chronic. Acute desensitization occurs rapidly, within minutes to hours of drug exposure, and is often reversible. Chronic desensitization, on the other hand, develops over a longer period of time, often weeks to months, and can be irreversible.
Clinical Implications[edit | edit source]
Desensitization has significant implications in the field of medicine. It can affect the efficacy of drugs, requiring dose adjustments and careful monitoring. It is also a key factor in the development of drug addiction, as individuals may increase their drug use to achieve the desired effect.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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